Again, a quote can be phrased in two ways: When quoting, you also need to include the page number. Considerations include regulation, water pollution, tremors etc. Parenthetical in-text citation: Several benefits and risks can be identified in the implementation of fracking for oil extraction. Narrative in-text citation: Raimi (2018) outlines the risks and benefits of fracking through an economic analysis and energy security benefits. Either you indicate in your sentence that an author has said something (narrative), or you write something, and then attribute that to the author in brackets at the end of the idea (parenthetical). Paraphrasing, or summarizing, takes two forms. If the quote spans multiple pages, use pp. In-text citations are composed of 2, sometimes 3, elements: the author(s)' last name(s), the date of publication, and, if quoting, the page number(s). They only include a minimal amount of information, but create a link to a more fulsome citation at the end of your document. In-text citations should always appear right after the content you are summarizing, paraphrasing, or quoting. Previously, the links were to only be written as text and not linked. This means that users can click on them and a new window will open and take them to the resource.
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In this edition of APA, links in citations are meant to be live. You can list this as you would page numbers for the article. If an online journal article does not have page numbers, it often has an article number instead. Alternatively, a database that contains unique information needs to be listed in your citation, and is not considered to be common (e.g. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and UpToDate) (APA, 2020, p. PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ProQuest eBook Central, etc.). These include most databases available through the library, where materials are not uniquely located and may be available through multiple databases (e.g. It can be updated over time and often not considered to be persistent, although examples of permanent URLs do exist.Ĭommon academic research databases. URL. A uniform resource locator, a link to a resource located online. We make an in-text citation that links to our reference list at the end of our document, which then links to the original source.įor this reason, when we talk about citations, we're talking about two different instances, once in the body of our text - In-text citations - once at the end of our text - the reference list.ĭOI. A digital object identifier, a persistent and unique number set to link back to that one resource located online. demonstrating support for an idea by another person Ĭitations create necessary links, directing your reader to the source you're crediting.
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Whatever the source, we are required to acknowledge who or what that source is when we refer to the work in our own. This information is found in many places - journal articles, books, YouTube videos, blogs, maybe even in an email. When we write a paper, we gather background information and build arguments drawing on the work, knowledge, ideas, expressions, and reportings of others.